西汉帝陵

　　Archaeological objects survived for thousands of years up to the date of discovery and excavation,when the deterioration sets in.Artefacts removed from the excavation site to the showcases of a museum lose the scientific and psychological value offered when viewed in the original context e.g.preserved in situ.
　　Leaving discoveries in situ now appears more and more attractive to the scientists and general public.But this solution brings its own problems.The basic approach of the protective system E!Eureka 1589 is that the conditions in which artefacts survived since creation are generally optimal for continued preservation.Therefore the objects on site should be preserved in conditions as near as possible identical to conditions prior to excavations.All external conditions inflicting damage after unearthing must be managed,such as fluc-tuations in ambient conditions(temperature and humidity),loss of humidity in the soil,pollution brought on by external factors,such as acid rain or industrial air pollution,damage caused by light,microbiological impact,intentional and unintentional vandalism caused by visitors,to name only a few of the problems.
　　The issues differ from place to place and customised solutions must be found to the individual problems.To manage the possibility to deal with the variety of problems which the archaeological site faces,it is necess-ary to create optimised,separate environments,one for the artefacts and one for the visitors,the two spaces divided by a glass barrier.
　　Different temperatures on both sides of the glass barrier cause condensation.Specific glazing has been developed to cope with this problem and the issue of fire protection:no heat must be reflected towards the archaeological area.
　　The system also provides a possibility of continuous work by archaeologists,restorers and other experts after the installation of the protective system,giving the general public a possibility to observe the ongoing work.The restorers and other scientists monitor the climate,air quality and movement,groundwater quality,soil humidity on surface and depth and decide on corrections,if required.
　　The protective system was presented to the leaders of the Han Yang Ling Mausoleum in 1997.A pilot project in pit No.8 was installed in 1998.It was monitored by the Han Yang Ling experts until 2003,when it was decided that the protective system should be applied in the new subterranean museum designed by prof.Liu Ketcheng.The E!1589 group designed a prototype for the protection in the museum and installed the full scale model on site in 2004.The subterranean museum of Han Yang Ling was completed in 2006.With an area of nearly 6500 msq,it is reported to be the largest subterranean museum in China.
　　The implementation of the new technology for presentation of archaeological sites at the Han Yang Ling museum,created interest not only in China but also internationally.The results of the scientific monitoring of the Han Yang Ling were presented in a Sino-European project for underground museums and conservation in Pisa in July 2009,supported by the European Commission.
　　The experience of the project of Han Yang Ling subterranean mausoleum could be valuable on the site of the 30 antique wrecked ships in Pisa.These ships were contemporary to the terracotta statues of Han Yang Ling,and face similar problems:how to present a site where archaeologists and restorers have worked and shall continue working most probably for decades to come.
　　The preservation and restoration of the waterlogged wood requires a closed environment,but the public is interested not only in the discovery,but also in the work and efforts of scientists to obtain information on the design and shape of the ships,of their cargo and the disaster which ended their voyages in the Mediter-ranean world.
　　The protection system of E!Eureka 1589 can provide the solution to the problems of the antique wrecked ships in Pisa.
　　在地下深埋了数千年之久的文物，重见天日之时已经有所损伤。文物从挖掘现场移至博物馆展柜中展出与原址展出相比，已丧失其原有的科学和心理价值。
　　原址展示发掘文物已越来越受到科学家和公众的青睐，但是这种方式也有其自身的弊病。 Eureka1589系统的基本保护方法是模拟文物从制作完成之日起就已经适应的最佳保护环境，也就是尽可能与文物挖掘前的环境保持一致。文物出土以后，所有受损文物的外部条件都必须得到控制，比如周围的环境不断变化(温度和湿度)，土壤湿度的丧失，其他外部因素造成的污染，光线造成的伤害，微生物的影响，游客有意无意的破坏行为等等，这只是问题的一小部分。
　　考古遗址的地点不同面临的问题也就不同，特殊问题必须要用特殊的方法来解决。解决考古现场所面临的各种问题的方法就是创建最佳的保护环境，并用玻璃墙把文物和观众隔离在两个不同的环境空间里。由于玻璃墙两边的温度不同，玻璃表面会产生冷凝水，特殊玻璃的镀膜技术已经很好地解决了这个问题以及防火问题，因为考古区域不能有任何热源。
　　这种文物保护系统为考古工作者、文物修复工作者和其他专家提供了继续工作的可能，也使广大游客观看整个考古发掘过程成为可能。如果有必要的话，文物修复工作者和其他科学家还可以监测气候环境、空气质量、地下水的质量及土壤的表面和地下湿度，并依此确定补救措施。
　　汉阳陵博物馆的领导早在1997年，就对这套文物保护系统有所了解，并于1998年，将汉阳陵南区从葬坑八号坑作为试点安装了这套系统。汉阳陵博物馆的专家对这套系统的可行性进行了长达5年的观测，直至2003年，博物馆决定将这套保护系统应用于由刘克成教授设计的汉阳陵地下遗址博物馆中。1589文物保护系统小组为该博物馆设计了玻璃保护系统，并且于2004年在帝陵外藏坑遗址上安装了该保护系统。2006年，占地约6500平方米的汉阳陵地下博物馆建成并对外开放。据报道，这是中国最大的地下博物馆。
　　汉阳陵地下博物馆安装的该文物保护系统，引起了中国乃至世界的广泛关注。在欧盟委员会的支持下，作为中欧合作项目重要组成部分的“汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑遗址科学检测结果讨论会”于2009年7月在比萨进行。
　　汉阳陵帝陵外藏坑保护工程的经验对于比萨30只已损坏的古船遗址的保护问题有参考价值。这些古船与汉阳陵兵马俑的年代相同，而且他们面临着同样的问题，即如何展示一个考古工作者已发掘和修复的，并将继续发掘和研究的遗址。
　　保存和修复遭到浸泡的木材需要一个封闭的环境。但是公众不仅对发掘感兴趣，而且对船只的货物和设计等信息，以及它们在地中海航行时所遭遇的故事也非常感兴趣。
　　Eureka 1589保护系统可以为比萨古船的保护问题提供解决方法。

汉阳陵·比萨：文化遗产的原址保护与考古博物馆